How to Manage
Preparation is the key. Reactions to a disaster are largely influenced by the psychological state of the individual before the disaster. The stability of the home, community and country is also a very important factor influencing personal reactions. Preparation of the individual, long before disaster strikes, is the best form of boosting the mental state to cope with emergencies.
Measures before disasters
Provide as much information on disasters at the family level:
- Which hazards are likely to result in disasters?
- Possible effects
- How to cope
- Rehearsal of survival techniques
- Family discussion of past disasters and their effects
- Develop personal/family plan for dealing with disasters
- Organize group training sessions to demonstrate to the individual that he/she is not alone in the impending danger.
Treatment after disasters
Relief workers, friends, and family can assist the individual by:
- Allowing rest for a few hours
- Establishing close personal contact
- Encouraging emotional expression and airings of experiences
- Catering to the need of affected persons by giving food, a blanket, clothing or simply holding hands
- Organizing survivors into support groups for encouragement, activity in relief programmes, and prayer.
- Explaining what has happened and the steps being taken
- Providing centralized treatment with other victims near disaster site. This assists the individual to feel part of a group and enhances recovery.
Treatment of the emotionally wounded
People can be emotionally upset for a long period a after disaster. The seriousness is affected by such factors as the seriousness of disaster, the degree of disruption of personal connections, and the extent of disruption of the pre-existing way of life.
Response to disfigurement, dismemberment or mutilation may also add to reactions. Some reactions may be relief, or a feeling of good fortune. This may soon be replaced by a sense of exasperation, frustration or anger, especially in those losing family, property or belongings.
Managing the emotionally wounded:
Management usually involves social, psychological and spiritual support with an opportunity for expression. Supportive relationships allow feelings of anxiety to be tested, and contact with primary groups allow a degree of normalcy.